The two types of standard transistors are PNP and NPN which differs in circuit symbols. The layers of semiconductor material used to make the transistor are denoted by the letters. To keep a straight ...

Engineers at the US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) believe there is a fundamental flaw in the understanding of transistor noise. The engineers add that, unless the problem is ...

Manufacturing companies, particularly those that mass-produce electronic circuits, work pretty much around bipolar junction transistors, like PNP and NPN. However, choosing between these two BJTs can ...

Finding a problem with your prototype board is bad enough, but when the bug is in your latest IC masterpiece, you know it’s going to be a bad day. Heads may roll. The verification of digital IC ...