Time-resolved measurements of molecular dynamics have made substantial progress over the past years. In particular, electronic dynamics in atoms and molecules have become accessible through recent ...

The distribution of outermost shell electrons, known as valence electrons, of organic molecules was observed for the first time. As the interactions between atoms are governed by the valence electrons ...

In an Auger process, the energy released when an electron from a higher energy level falls into a deeper level results in the emission of an energetic electron whose energy is characteristic of the ...