Scientists at the University of California, Santa Cruz, have trapped the ribosome, a protein-building molecular machine essential to all life, in a key transitional state that has long eluded ...

Transcription and translation are processes a cell uses to make all proteins the body needs to function from information stored in the sequence of bases in DNA. The four bases (C, A, T/U, and G in the ...

Within a cell, DNA carries the genetic code for building proteins. To build proteins, the cell makes a copy of DNA, called mRNA. Then, another molecule called a ribosome reads the mRNA, translating it ...

The genetic information stored in DNA is “decoded” to form proteins via the process of translation. This involves the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids bound to transfer RNA (tRNA) ...

Cryo-EM structure of the Giardia ribosome reveals a highly compact, GC-rich rRNA with eukaryotic r-proteins. (A) Structure of the Giardia ribosome with all the r-proteins colored (SSU, shades of blue ...

Every cell depends on proteins to function and stay healthy. These proteins are made inside the cell from amino acids, but cannot simply accumulate inside the cell forever. Once they have done their ...

Ribosomes are composed of two subunits, the small and large subunits, each containing specific rRNA molecules. The main types of rRNA include: Small Subunit rRNA: In prokaryotes, the small subunit ...

Chemists at UCL have shown how two of biology's most fundamental ingredients, RNA (ribonucleic acid) and amino acids, could have spontaneously joined together at the origin of life four billion years ...

Scientists from Uppsala University have used cryo-electron microscopy to reveal details of the protein synthesis mechanism in the parasite Giardia intestinalis, which causes diarrhoeal disease. The ...