The Takagi--Sugeno (T--S) fuzzy descriptor system offers a promising avenue for controlling non-linear systems but lacks optimal control strategies. Moreover, while robust control methods have been ...

Optimal control theory for differential equations is a pivotal discipline that combines rigorous mathematical analysis with practical applications in engineering, economics, and the natural sciences.

Optimal control theory provides a mathematical framework for devising strategies that steer dynamical systems towards a desired performance while minimising a prescribed cost function. In recent ...