Technology people are generally familiar with the Open Systems Interconnection model for computer networks and protocols, often referred to as the OSI Reference Model (ISO 7498)[1]. The Basic ...

A reference model is a virtual model which defines how communication should take place. It logically divides the processes which are required for the communication into layers. This concept is known ...

Whether it’s wired or wireless, most data communications today happens by way of packets of information travelling over one or more networks. But before these networks can work together, though, they ...