The patient is a 47-year-old female who sustained a C5/6 fracture with C6 complete tetraplegia 26 years ago. She is well adjusted socially and has a regular job. At this time, she presented with ...

A 72 year-old man noted chronic low back pain, worse with standing and walking. With prolonged standing, he would develop pain and numbness radiating down the posterior thighs and calves. Lumbar ...

The clinical presentation of degenerative spondylolisthesis is dependent upon the concomitant presence of spinal stenosis at the slip level. Patients who present only with low back pain or who ...

Axial MRI of the Lumbar Spine - T2 weighted image at the L4 level. On this view centered over the L4-L5 disk, one can see well the cauda equina surrounded by CSF (note that CSF is bright on ...

Medically reviewed by Jennifer Steinhoff, MD Key Takeaways The lumbar spine includes five vertebrae that help with mobility ...

Please provide your email address to receive an email when new articles are posted on . In this video from the Open Operating Theatre, Klaus John Schnake, MD, discusses how to perform an open, ...

Please provide your email address to receive an email when new articles are posted on . When the Charité artificial disc received FDA approval for clinical use in 2004, most spine surgeons thought ...